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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e201191, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420495

ABSTRACT

Abstract Obesity and dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, and death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances, polyphenols such as tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of tyramine. Oral toxicity evaluation, models of dyslipidemia and obesity were used. To induce dyslipidemia, Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and obesity model, specific diet and oral tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407 administration, tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in liver, increased superoxide dismutase, reduced the diet-induced dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%. Tyramine reduced body mass, glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed. Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL). Tyramine increased adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion, tyramine has low toxicity in rodents, has antioxidant effect, reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in rodents and non-rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of tyramine


Subject(s)
Tyramine/adverse effects , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Obesity/classification , Cholesterol/pharmacology , Hyperlipidemias/complications
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 139 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378713

ABSTRACT

A obesidade é uma doença complexa que está associada inflamação crônica de baixo grau que contribui para o desenvolvimento de diversos distúrbios metabólicos como a resistência à insulina e estudos recentes sugerem a influência da microbiota intestinal no desenvolvimento e manutenção da doença. Diversos estudos apontam para o benefício da ingestão de frutas e vegetais na prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas. O suco de laranja contém diversos compostos bioativos com ações anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes com efeitos na composição da microbiota intestinal. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da ingestão do suco de laranja Pera e Moro sobre a composição da microbiota intestinal e de parâmetros inflamatórios em voluntários com obesidade e resistência à insulina. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico crossover com suplementação de suco de laranja (400ml/dia) por 15 dias com um período de washout de 40 dias. As análises de sangue, fezes, urina, composição corporal, consumo alimentar foram realizadas antes e após cada intervenção. A comparação entre os tratamentos foi realizada utilizando equações de estimativas generalizadas e adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Em relação à microbiota intestinal, em ambos os tratamentos, os dois filos mais abundantes foram Firmicutes e Actinobateria. Dos gêneros analisados, observou-se maior abundância de Bifidobacterium após a suplementação com o suco de laranja Moro. O suco de laranja Pera promoveu uma diminuição da zonulina e o suco de laranja Moro contribuiu para redução de citocinas inflamatórias, diminuição da pressão arterial e aumento nos níveis de acetato nas fezes. Após a separação dos voluntários por grau de obesidade, observamos que o suco de laranja Moro contribuiu para o aumento na abundância de Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides e Catenibacterium em indivíduos com obesidade grau 3. Além disso, em ambos os sucos encontramos redução da razão Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes e aumento da excreção de metabólitos de flavonoides após os tratamentos. Diante destes resultados, conclui-se que o suco de laranja Pera apresentou ações positivas sobre a permeabilidade intestinal e o suco de laranja Moro promoveu efeitos mais expressivos na modulação da inflamação associada à obesidade e da microbiota intestinal


Obesity is a complex disease that is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, and it contributes to the development of several metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, and recent studies suggest the influence of the intestinal microbiota in the development and maintenance of the disease. Several studies have suggested the benefit of fruits and vegetables consumption in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The orange juice contains some bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions with effects in the composition of the gut microbiota. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pera and Moro orange juice consumption on the composition of the gut microbiota and inflammatory parameters in volunteers with obesity and insulin resistance. A crossover clinical trial was carried out with orange juice supplementation (400ml/day) for 15 days with a washout period of 40 days. Blood, feces, urine, body composition, food consumption were analyzed before and after each intervention. Comparison between treatments was performed using generalized estimating equations and a significance level of 5% was adopted. In relation to gut microbiota, in both treatments, the two most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Actinobateria. In the analysis of bacterial genera, a greater abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed after supplementation with Moro orange juice. The Pera orange juice reduced zonulin and Moro orange juice contributed to a reduction on inflammatory cytokines, a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in acetate levels in the stool. After separating the volunteers by degree of obesity, we observed that Moro orange juice contributed to the increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides and Catenibacterium in individuals with grade 3 obesity. Furthermore, in both juices we found a reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased excretion of flavonoid metabolites after treatments. Therefore, we concluded that Pera orange juice had positive actions on intestinal permeability and Moro orange juice promoted more expressive effects on the modulation of inflammation associated with obesity and on the intestinal microbiota


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Citrus sinensis/classification , Citrus sinensis/adverse effects , Eating , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Fruit and Vegetable Juices/adverse effects , Fruit , Obesity/classification , Volunteers , Flavonoids/agonists , Body Composition , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Insulin Resistance , Chronic Disease , Eating , Arterial Pressure , Phytochemicals/adverse effects , Inflammation
3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 65(2): 126-136, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248811

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: There are discrepancies about the relationship of IL-6, clusterin and irisin with obesity and obesity associated insulin resistance and also about their sexual dimorphism. This study aimed at evaluating the circulating levels of IL-6, clusterin and irisin in obese subjects of both sexes who had different grades of obesity and examining their sexual dimorphism and their association with insulin resistance. Subjects and methods: This study included 176 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes who were classified according to their sex into two groups; the male and the female groups. The male group (88 men) was classified according to BMI into; group 1 (22 lean men), group 2 (22 class I obese men), group 3 (22 class II obese men) and group 4 (22 class III obese men). The female group (88 women) was classified according to BMI exactly as the male group. Metabolic parameters, IL-6, clusterin, and irisin levels were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test, post hoc Tukey's test and independent t-test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between variables. Results: In obese subjects of both sexes, circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin levels were significantly elevated and positively correlated with HOMA-IR. Obese males showed significantly higher HOMA-IR, IL-6, clusterin and irisin levels than obese females. Conclusion: Obesity in both sexes, especially in males was associated with high levels of IL-6, clusterin and irisin and worsened the metabolic pattern. Circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin may represent possible therapeutic targets for insulin resistance in obese subjects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Insulin Resistance , Fibronectins/blood , Interleukin-6/blood , Sex Characteristics , Clusterin/blood , Obesity/blood , Body Mass Index , Obesity/classification
4.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 73(5): e20190484, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1115376

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the conicity index in people with hypertension followed in the Brazil's Family Health Strategy. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in a medium-sized municipality located in the state of Paraná. Data collection took place in the first semester of 2016. using an adapted and validated instrument. which addresses attributes of Primary Health Care. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and blood pressure were used in the study. The analysis of variance and linear regression was used to analyze the variables. Results: a total of 417 people participated in the study. most were women. elderly. married. with less than eight years of education and retired. Conicity index was prevalent in most of the study population. being significantly associated with the group of people with inadequate blood pressure control and high anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: most of the study participants had altered conicity index. especially those with inadequate blood pressure control.


RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el índice de conicidad en personas con hipertensión en tratamiento de seguimiento con la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en un municipio de tamaño medio ubicado en el estado de Paraná. Los datos se recopilaron en el primer semestre de 2016. utilizando un instrumento adaptado y validado. que aborda los atributos de la Atención Primaria de Salud. En este estudio. se utilizaron las variables sociodemográficas. antropométricas y las mediciones de la presión arterial. El análisis de varianza y regresión lineal se utilizó para tratar las variables. Resultados: participación de 417 personas en el estudio. la mayoría mujeres. ancianos. casados. con menos de ocho años de estudio y jubilados. El índice de conicidad prevaleció en la mayoría de la población de estudio. con una asociación significativa con el grupo de personas con control inadecuado de la presión arterial y parámetros antropométricos altos. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los participantes en el estudio tenían un índice de variación alterado. especialmente aquellos con un control inadecuado de la presión arterial.


RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o índice de conicidade em pessoas com hipertensão arterial acompanhadas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado em um município de médio porte localizado no estado do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados no primeiro semestre de 2016, utilizando instrumento adaptado e validado, que aborda atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas e medidas de pressão arterial. Empregou-se a análise de variância e regressão linear para o tratamento das variáveis. Resultados: participação de 417 pessoas, a maioria mulheres, idosas, casadas, com menos de oito anos de estudo e aposentadas. O índice de conicidade foi prevalente na maior parte da população estudada, com significativa associação ao grupo de pessoas com controle pressórico inadequado e parâmetros antropométricos elevados. Conclusões: a maioria dos participantes do estudo apresentou índice de conicidade alterado, principalmente as pessoas com controle pressórico inadequado.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Family Health/trends , Hypertension/classification , Obesity/classification , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology
5.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 56: e17291, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132047

ABSTRACT

Obesity represents a major challenge to the pharmaceutical community due to the minimal availability of anti-obesity drugs and the drawbacks of current weight-loss agents. The study described herein presents lupine oil, in two pharmaceutical formulations, as a potential anti-obesity agent via its effect on different physiological, biochemical, and hormonal parameters. Rats were divided into two groups; one group was continued on a standard commercial rodent diet and served as the non-obese control. The other group was fed a high-fat diet for 7 weeks to prepare an obese rat model. Then, the obese rats were divided into groups to receive 100 mg/kg of the crude lupine oil or nanoemulsion for 10 or 20 days. Lupine oil showed a potent body weight-reducing effect and improved insulin resistance. The oil altered obesity-induced hyperlipidemia and it enhanced the leptin/adiponectin/AMPK hormonal system in epididymal fat, serum, and liver, to which all the above physiological activities could be attributed. The nanoemulsion formulation of lupine oil significantly amplified the activity for all the above physiological and hormonal parameters when compared to the crude oil formulation. Lupine oil nanoemulsion could be used as a potential drug against diet-induced obesity.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects , Lupinus/adverse effects , Diet/classification , Obesity/classification , Phosphotransferases/administration & dosage , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Adenosine Monophosphate/agonists , Adiponectin/pharmacology
6.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2020. 88 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291873

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a worldwide public health problem and the main risk factor for a number of chronic diseases. Breast cancer is another worrisome disease: it is the leading cause of cancer amongst women and has an elevated mortality rate. Approximately 30 years ago, Barker and Trichopoulos suggested that cardiovascular disease and breast cancer, respectively, may be originated in utero. In subsequent years, studies proved both hypotheses correct. Understanding how in-utero environment can affect development of obesity and breast cancer in adulthood is key for preventing these diseases. Nutrition during gestation and lactation is considered a modifiable factor to impact in-utero environment. Orange juice (OJ) is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, including vitamin C and flavonoids, and reports suggests that intake of orange juice minimizes damaging effects of obesity. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of maternal obesity during gestation and lactation and OJ intake on (a) metabolic profile of male offspring exposed to control and obesogenic diets and (b) breast cancer risk of female offspring. Four-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were assigned into three groups: control- fed a control diet and water ad libitum, obese- fed obesogenic diet and water ad libitum and obese+OJ- fed obesogenic diet and OJ. After three weeks on the diet, females were mated to control males. Male offspring from each group were weaned into control or obesogenic diets for 21 weeks. Female offspring was either euthanized for evaluation of mammary gland development or submitted to a chemically induced breast carcinogenesis protocol. Parameters to assess metabolism (as body composition and adipose tissue expression of obesity-related genes), breast cancer risk (as epithelial elongation and number of terminal end buds) and tumorigenesis (incidence, latency and multiplicity of mammary tumors) were collected. ANOVA followed by Tukey or Fischer´s LSD test were used to investigate differences between groups and a p<0.05 was considered significant. Male offspring of obese mothers fed control diet presented increased glucose concentrations and expression of F4/80 and interleukin-6 compared to control offspring. Male offspring of obese+OJ mothers fed a control diet presented expression of F4/80 and interleukin-6 similar to control offspring. Male offspring to control mothers fed obesogenic diet presented increased glucose concentrations and epidydimal fat tissue compared to offspring of obese mothers. Offspring to obese+OJ mothers presented increased expression of leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α. Female offspring of obese mothers had decreased terminal end buds and increased latency of first tumor and OJ intake decreased epithelial elongation compared to offspring of control/obese mothers. Maternal obesity had greater impact in offspring exposed to control than obesogenic environment. OJ intake by mothers helped with harmful effects induced by maternal obesity on male offspring fed control diet. Control offspring exposed to obesogenic diet presented worse metabolic profile than offspring from obese mothers. In this particular case, OJ was not beneficial to male offspring. Whereas obesity induced by a high-fat high-sugar diet presented a somewhat protective effect on breast cancer risk, OJ further protected offspring of obese mothers


A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública e o principal fator de risco para uma série de doenças crônicas. O câncer de mama é outra doença preocupante: é a principal causa de câncer entre as mulheres e tem elevada taxa de mortalidade. Há 30 anos, Barker e Trichopoulos sugeriram que a doença cardiovascular e o câncer de mama, respectivamente, podem ser originados no útero. Nos anos seguintes essas hipóteses foram confirmadas. Compreender como o ambiente intrauterino pode afetar o desenvolvimento da obesidade e o câncer de mama na idade adulta, portanto, é fundamental para prevenir essas doenças. O estado nutricional e a nutrição durante a gestação e lactação são considerados fatores modificáveis e que pode influenciar o ambiente intrauterino. O suco de laranja (SL) é uma excelente fonte de compostos bioativos, incluindo vitamina C e flavonoides, e estudos sugerem que a ingestão de suco de laranja pode minimizar os efeitos deletérios da obesidade. O objetivo dessa tese foi de avaliar os efeitos da obesidade materna durante a gestação e lactação e a ingestão de SL no (a) perfil metabólico da prole masculinas expostos à dietas controle e obesogênica e (b) risco de câncer de mama da prole feminina. Camundongos fêmeas C57BL/6, com quatro semanas de idade, foram distribuídos em três grupos: controle - alimentados com uma dieta de controle e água ad libitum, obesosalimentados com dieta obesogênica e água ad libitum e obesos+SL- alimentados com dieta obesogênica e SL. Após três semanas na dieta, as fêmeas foram acasaladas com machos controle. A prole masculina de cada grupo foi desmamada e alimentadas com dieta obesogênica ou controle por 21 semanas. A prole feminina foi eutanasiada para a avaliação do desenvolvimento da glândula mamária ou submetida a um protocolo de carcinogênese mamária quimicamente induzida. Parâmetros para avaliar o metabolismo (como a composição corporal e expressão de genes relacionados à obesidade do tecido adiposo), risco de câncer de mama (como desenvolvimento epitelial e número de terminal end buds) e tumorigênese (incidência, latência e multiplicidade dos tumores mamários) foram coletados. Para investigar diferença estatística entre os grupos foi realizada ANOVA, seguida pelo teste de Tukey ou LSD de Fischer e um p<0,05 foi considerado significante. A prole masculina de mães obesas alimentadas com dieta de controle apresentou aumento das concentrações de glicose e aumento das expressões de F4/80 e interleucina-6 em relação a prole controle. A prole masculina de mães obesas+SL alimentadas com dieta controle apresentou expressão de F4/80 e interleucina-6 similar à da prole de controle. A prole masculina de mães controle e alimentada com dieta obesogênica apresentou aumento das concentrações de glicose e aumento do tecido adiposo epididimal em comparação à prole de mães obesas. A prole de mães obesas+SL apresentou maior expressão de leptina e TNF-α. A prole feminina de mães obesas apresentou redução do número de terminal end buds e aumento da latência para o aparecimento do primeiro tumor. O consumo de SL diminuiu o desenvolvimento epitelial comparado as proles de mães controles e obesas. A obesidade materna teve maior impacto na prole masculina exposta a dieta controle do que na obesogênica. A ingestão materna de SL ajudou com efeitos danosos induzidos pela obesidade materna na prole masculina alimentada com dieta controle. A prole de fêmeas controles e alimentada com dieta obesogênica apresentou perfil metabólico pior que a prole das mães obesas. Neste caso, o SL não foi benéfico para a prole masculina. A obesidade materna induzida por uma dieta rica em banha e açúcares apresentou discreto efeito protetor no risco de câncer de mama, o SL acentuou esta proteção


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Lactation , Pregnancy , Juices , Obesity, Maternal/classification , Metabolism , Obesity/classification , Women , Risk , Citrus sinensis
7.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2020. 203 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291982

ABSTRACT

O maracujá (Passiflora ssp.) é conhecido por suas características sensoriais e por apresentar diversos compostos bioativos. Estudos prévios demonstraram que o consumo a longo prazo de maracujá melhorou os parâmetros bioquímicos, inflamatórios e antioxidantes. Uma espécie que tem despertado interesse é a Passiflora tenuifila Killip consumida pela população local, porém, ainda com baixa expressão comercial. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar o efeito da ingestão a médio prazo de maracujá (P. tenuifila Killip) em indivíduos eutróficos e obesos. Inicialmente foi realizada uma caracterização do fruto em dois estágios de amadurecimento (verde e maduro), uma vez que são consumidas nestas duas formas. Foram avaliadas características físicoquímicas e o perfil de flavonoides por HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. O conteúdo de Sólidos Totais Solúveis variou entre 20,80 e 23,55° Brix, porém não foi observada diferença significativa entre os dois estágios. Os principais açúcares identificados foram a sacarose e glicose, variando entre 4,0-8,5%, apresentando maior conteúdo no estádio verde (p<0.05). Os principais ácidos orgânicos encontrados foram o cítrico, tartárico e málico, no entanto os teores variaram entre os lotes analisados. Os frutos nos dois estádios apresentaram o mesmo perfil de flavonoides, apresentando como compostos majoritários a procianidinaTipo B e flavonas C -glicosiladas (luteolina e apigenina). Após a caracterização do fruto, foram recrutados indivíduos adultos (entre 19 e 59 anos), eutróficos (IMC= 19,0- 24,99 Kg/m2) ou obesos (IMC > 30,00) que ingeriram durante 30 dias uma dose diária do maracujá (P. tenuifila Killip). Foram avaliados marcadores antropométricos, perfil bioquímico sérico, do estresse oxidativo e permeabilidade intestinal. Foi avaliado também a excreção de flavonoides na urina por HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS e a microbiota intestinal por 16s rRNA. A ingestão diária por somente 30 dias de uma porção de P. tenuifila Killip demonstrou grandes benefícios. O consumo da P. tenuifila Killip foi responsável pela redução da concentração de colesterol total e LDL sérico dos indivíduos obesos (p<0,05). Foi observado tendência na redução da permeabilidade intestinal e redução significativa (p<0,05) no biomarcador do estresse oxidativo 8-OHdG (associado à dano à estrutura do DNA). O consumo do maracujá P. tenuifila Killip aumentou a excreção de metabólitos na urina produzidos a partir da metabolização de flavonas-C-glicosiladas e flavan-3-ol e, por fim, foi capaz de modular a microbiota reduzindo a abundância relativa do filo Firmicutes (associada a obesidade) e aumentando a proporção de Lachonospiraceae (família associada à redução de inflamação local e ao metabolismo de compostos fenólicos)


Passion fruit (Passiflora ssp.) is known for its sensory characteristics and for presenting various bioactive compounds. Previous studies shown that long-term passion fruit consumption has improved biochemical, inflammatory and antioxidant parameters. A species that has aroused interest is Passiflora tenuifila Killip consumed by the local population, but has no commercial expression yet. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of medium-term intake of passion fruit (P. tenuifila Killip) on eutrophic and obese subjects. Initially, the fruit was characterized in two ripening stages (green and ripe), which are the most consumed stages. Physico-chemical characteristics and flavonoid profile were evaluated by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The total soluble solids content ranged from 20.80 to 23.55 ° Brix, but no significant difference was observed between the two stages. The main sugars identified were sucrose and glucose, ranging from 4.0- 8.5%, with higher content in the green stage (p<0.05). The main organic acids found were citric, tartaric and malic, however the levels varied between the lots analyzed. The fruits in both stages presented the same profile of flavonoids, presenting as major compounds procianidin Type B and C-glycosylated flavones (luteolin and apigenin). After fruit characterization, adult (between 19 and 59 years), eutrophic (BMI = 19.0-24.99 Kg/m2) or obese (BMI>30.00) ingested for 30 days a daily dose of passion fruit (P. tenuifila Killip) and anthropometrics indicators, serum biochemical profile, oxidative stress and intestinal permeability were evaluated. The excretion of flavonoids in urine by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and intestinal microbiota by 16s rRNA was also evaluated. Daily intake for only 30 days of a portion of P. tenuifila Killip has shown great benefits. The P. tenuifila Killip consumption was responsible for reduction of total cholesterol and LDL in obese subjects (p<0.05). There was a tendency to reduce intestinal permeability and a significant reduction (p<0.05) of 8-OHdG (oxidative stress biomarker, associated with damage to DNA structure). P. tenuifila Killip consumption increased the excretion of urine metabolites produced by metabolization of flavones-C-glycosylated and flavan-3-ol and, finally, was able to modulate the microbiota, reducing the relative abundance of the Firmicutes (phylum associated with obesity) and increasing the proportion of Lachonospiraceae (family associated with reduced local inflammation and metabolism of phenolic compounds)


Subject(s)
Passiflora , Passiflora/adverse effects , Microbiota/immunology , Metabolism/genetics , Obesity/classification , Flavonoids/analysis , Eating/immunology
8.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2019. 110 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1023378

ABSTRACT

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a combination of diseases interrelated and associated with increased mortality and risk of cardiovascular events. Among the elucidated molecular mechanisms of MetS, there are several genes regulated by miRNAs - small non-coding RNAs. A large number of transcriptomic studies in public databases integrated with new analysis methods can generate new insights. Therefore, this study aimed to identify circulating miRNAs and their target genes in MetS using a Systems Biology approach. For this, we used GEO-NCBI to download and analyse 26 microarray transcriptome studies of MetS and obesity. After preprocessing, the data underwent differential expression (LIMMA method), gene co-expression (CEMiTool), and enrichment (GSEA, Reactome) analyses. We retrieved a gene expression signature for subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) for obese individuals that included 291 consistent differentially expressed genes (DEG). This signature had a positive normalized enrichment score (NES) for adaptive immune system activation responses, and negative NES for metabolic pathways. The consensus co-expression network of SAT revealed 3 communities (CM) of densely interconnected genes. These CMs had a high number of up regulated genes and a consistent positive NES among the studies. The co-expressed genes of these 3 CMs were related to neutrophil degranulation, infiltration of immune system cells, and inflammatory processes. Also, a small brazillian cohort (6 individuals with MetS and 6 controls) underwent a seric miRNA profiling using PCR array. From the 222 miRNAs detected in serum, the differential expression analysis identified 4 upregulated miRNAs (miR-30c-5p, miR-421, miR-542-5p and miR-574) in MetS patients (p<0.01). The integrative miRNAs-mRNAs analysis revealed that the circulating upregulated miRNAs had 12 targets in the SAT, 3 targets in the liver; and no targets in the muscle and blood. Many of these target genes are known modulators of proinflammatory pathways. In conclusion, the use of Systems Biology in the analysis of gene networks and circulating miRNAs identified some potential molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Metabolic Syndrome. The circulating miRNAs identified in this study are potential biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. However, further studies are needed to validate these miRNAs and their target mRNA


A Síndrome Metabólica (MetS) é um conjunto de doenças inter-relacionadas e associadas ao aumento de mortalidade e risco de eventos cardiovasculares. Entre os mecanismos moleculares elucidados da MetS, existem muitos genes regulados por miRNAs - RNAs pequenos não codificadores. O grande número de estudos transcriptômicos em banco dados públicos integrado a novos métodos de análise podem gerar novas descobertas. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar miRNAs circulantes e genes alvos na MetS usando a abordagem de Biologia de Sistemas. Para isso, GEO-NCBI foi usado para obter e analisar 26 estudos de transcriptoma por microarray de MetS e obesidade. Após o pré-processamento, realizamos análises de expressão diferencial (método LIMMA), co-expressão gênica (CEMiTool), e enriquecimento (GSEA, Reactome). Identificamos uma assinatura de expressão gênica do tecido adiposo subcutâneo (SAT) de indivíduos obesos, composta por 291 genes consistentemente diferencialmente expressos (DEG). Essa assinatura teve um escore de enriquecimento normalizado (NES) positivo para ativação de respostas do sistema imune adaptativo, e NES negativo para vias de metabolismo. A rede consenso de co-expressão do SAT revelou 3 comunidades (CM) de genes densamente interconectadas. Essas CMs continham muitos genes regulados positivamente e com consistência de NES positivo entre os estudos. Os genes co-expressos dessas 3 comunidades pertenciam a vias de a degranulação de neutrófilos, infiltração de células do sistema imune e processos inflamatórios. Além disso, uma pequena coorte brasileira (6 indivíduos com MetS e 6 controles) foi submetida à dosagem sérica de miRNAs por PCR array. Dos 222 miRNAs detectados no soro, a análise de expressão diferencial identificou 4 miRNAs regulados positivamente (miR-30c-5p, miR-421, miR-542-5p e miR-574) nos pacientes com MetS (p<0.01). A análise integrativa miRNAs-mRNAs revelou que osmiRNAs circulantes superexpressos tinham 12 alvos no SAT, 3 alvos no fígado; e nenhum alvo no músculo e no sangue. Muitos desses alvos são moduladores de vias ró-inflamatórias. Em conclusão, a utilização da Biologia de Sistemas na análise de redes gênicas e miRNAs circulantes identificou alguns potenciais mecanismos moleculares e fisiopatológicos da Síndrome Metabólica. Os miRNAs circulantes identificados neste trabalho são potenciais biomarcadores e/ou alvos terapêuticos. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para validar esses miRNAs e seus mRNAs alvos


Subject(s)
Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , MicroRNAs/analysis , Systems Biology/instrumentation , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Gene Regulatory Networks , Obesity/classification
9.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2019. 102 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048637

ABSTRACT

A obesidade é um dos principais fatores etiológicos do desenvolvimento da resistência à insulina, e ambos são responsáveis, em parte, pelo aumento do estresse oxidativo e diabete mellitus tipo 2. Vários estudos têm mostrado os benefícios de uma dieta rica em vegetais e frutas, devido à ação dos compostos bioativos sobre os parâmetros clínicos e estresse oxidativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos dos sucos de laranja, obtido das variedades Pera e Moro, sobre os marcadores bioquímicos e de estresse oxidativo, em indivíduos com resistência à insulina, classificados através do índice HOMA-IR. Os voluntários foram suplementados durante 15 dias com os sucos de laranja em um ensaio crossover, com washout de 40 dias. Nos dias 0 e 16 de cada ensaio, foram registrados parâmetros antropométricos e de consumo alimentar, e coletadas amostras de sangue e urina pra análises bioquímicas e de estresse oxidativo. A composição de flavonoides entre as variedades de suco foi similar, diferindo no conteúdo de ácido ascórbico e antocianinas do suco de laranja Moro. Não foram observadas mudanças nos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo após a administração dos sucos de laranja, com exceção do 8-OHdG urinário, um marcador de dano oxidativo ao DNA que apresentou-se reduzido após ambas as intervenções. Dados clínicos não foram significativamente modificados, entretanto, observou-se grande variabilidade interindividual nos valores de pressão arterial e lipídios séricos. A partir desta premissa, foi realizada a análise lipidômica do plasma com amostras do ensaio com o suco de laranja cv. Pera e observaram-se reduções significativas nos triglicérides, principalmente aqueles compostos de ácidos graxos saturados ou monoinsaturados, ou contendo ao menos uma cadeia de ácido linoleico, além do aumento de espécies de acilcarnitinas de cadeia longa. O consumo de ambos os sucos de laranja parece exercer um efeito protetor contra o dano oxidativo ao DNA, provavelmente por ação não-enzimática. A análise lipidômica do plasma sugere que o suco de laranja cv. Pera pode modular o metabolismo de lipídios, relacionados à lipogênese de novo e beta-oxidação


Obesity is one of the main etiological factors of insulin resistance development, and both are responsible, in part, for the increase on oxidative stress and Diabetes mellitus type 2 development. Several studies have showed the benefits of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits, due to the action of bioactive compounds on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. The aim of this study was to study the effects of orange juices obtained by varieties Pera and Moro on oxidative stress and clinical biomarkers, in obese subjects with insulin resistance, classified through the HOMA-IR index. The volunteers consumed both orange juices for 15 days with in a crossover design, with 40-day washout period. On days 0 and 16 of each trial, anthropometric and food consumption parameters were registered, and blood and urine samples were collected to analyze biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. The flavonoids content of both juices was similar, but only orange juice from Moro variety contained anthocyanins and higher ascorbic acid content. No changes in oxidative stress markers were found after juice administration, except for urinary 8-OHdG, an oxidative DNA damage marker, which was reduced after both interventions. Clinical data were not significantly modified, but a high interindividual difference was observed in blood pressure and serum lipids. From this point of view, plasma lipidomic analysis was performed with samples of clinical trial with orange juice cv. Pera and showed significant decrease in triglycerides, mainly those with saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, or containing at least one linoleic acid (related with inflammatory processes), besides the increase of long chain acylcarnitines. The intake of both orange juices appears to have a protective effect against DNA damage, probably by non-enzymatic action. Plasma lipidomic analysis suggests that Pera orange juice can modulate lipid metabolism related to de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Insulin Resistance , Oxidative Stress , Citrus sinensis/adverse effects , Fruit and Vegetable Juices/adverse effects , Obesity/classification
10.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 51(2): 138-152, abr.-jun. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-980279

ABSTRACT

Importância do Problema: A obesidade na infância e na adolescência é considerada, atualmente, grave problema de saúde pública com prevalência crescente em todo o mundo. Objetivo: atualizar a classificação da obesidade infantojuvenil publicada originalmente em 2004, incorporando as novas evidências científicas. Métodos: revisão da Literatura Científica que abordou os fatores etiopatogênicos da obesidade, buscando-se aprimorar a classificação anteriormente publicada incluindo os novos conhecimentos científicos. Resultados: apresentação de uma classificação que sugere como primeira estratégia a definição da presença de resistência periférica à insulina e, a seguir, sugere a divisão em quatro subgrupos de obesidade: sindrômica, epigenética, induzida (endocrinológica, neurológica, distúrbios do sono, fármacos e agentes infecciosos) e clássica (somática e psicossocial). Conclusão: a classificação permite auxiliar o clínico na tomada de decisões e na individualização do tratamento. (AU)


Importance of the Problem: obesity in childhood and adolescence is currently considered a serious public health problem with a growing prevalence worldwide. Objective: to update the classification of child and adolescent obesity originally published in 2004, incorporating the new scientific evidence. Methods: a review of the Scientific Literature that addressing etiopathogenic factors of obesity, in order to improve the previously published classification including the new scientific knowledge. Results: a classification that suggests as the first strategy the definition of the presence of peripheral resistance to insulin and then suggests the division into four subgroups of obesity: syndromic, epigenetic, induced (endocrinological, neurological, sleep disorders, drugs and infectious agents) and classical (somatic and psychosocial). Conclusion: this classification could help the clinicians to make decisions and to personalize the treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Insulin Resistance , Pediatric Obesity , Obesity/classification
11.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 31(1): e1362, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949209

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Body mass index (BMI) has some limitations for nutritional diagnosis since it does not represent an accurate measure of body fat and it is unable to identify predominant fat distribution. Aim: To develop a BMI based on the ratio of trunk mass and height. Methods: Fifty-seven patients in preoperative evaluation to bariatric surgery were evaluated. The preoperative anthropometric evaluation assessed weight, height and BMI. The body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance, obtaining the trunk fat free mass and fat mass, and trunk height. Trunk BMI (tBMI) was calculated by the sum of the measurements of the trunk fat free mass (tFFM) and trunk fat mass (tFM) in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m2)). The calculation of the trunk fat BMI (tfBMI) was calculated by tFM, in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m2)). For the correction and adjustment of the tBMI and tfBMI, it was calculated the relation between trunk extension and height, multiplying by the obtained indexes. Results: The mean data was: weight 125.3±19.5 kg, height 1.63±0.1 m, BMI was 47±5 kg/m2) and trunk height was 0.52±0,1 m, tFFM was 29.05±4,8 kg, tFM was 27.2±3.7 kg, trunk mass index was 66.6±10.3 kg/m², and trunk fat was 32.3±5.8 kg/m². In 93% of the patients there was an increase in obesity class using the tBMI. In patients with grade III obesity the tBMI reclassified to super obesity in 72% of patients and to super-super obesity in 24% of the patients. Conclusion: The trunk BMI is simple and allows a new reference for the evaluation of the body mass distribution, and therefore a new reclassification of the obesity class, evidencing the severity of obesity in a more objectively way.


RESUMO Racional: O índice de massa corporal (IMC) para diagnóstico nutricional apresenta limitações, pois não representa medida precisa da adiposidade corporal, podendo assim subestimar a presença de obesidade. Objetivo: Desenvolver um índice de massa corporal baseado entre a relação da massa e altura do tronco. Método: Cinquenta e sete pacientes em preparo pré-operatório para cirurgia bariátrica foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura e índice de massa corporal). Para cálculo do IMC do tronco foi avaliada a composição corporal pela bioimpedância, obtendo-se a massa livre de gordura e massa de gordura do tronco; a medida do tronco foi calculada pela diferença entre a altura a partir da sétima vértebra cervical e a extensão dos membros inferiores. O cálculo do IMC do tronco (IMCt) foi a soma das medidas da massa livre de gordura do tronco (MLGt) e massa de gordura do tronco (MGt), em kg, dividindo-se pelo quadrado da altura do tronco (m2)). O IMC de gordura do tronco (IMCgt) foi calculado utilizando a MGt, em kg, dividindo-a pelo quadrado da altura do tronco (m2)). Para correção e ajuste do IMCt e IMCgt foi calculada a relação entre os valores de extensão do tronco e da altura, multiplicando-se pelo valor dos índices obtidos. Resultados: As médias do peso e altura foram de 125,3±19,5 kg e 1,63 m±0,1, respectivamente, e do IMC de 47±5 kg/m2). A média da altura do tronco foi de 0,52±0,1 m, da MLGt de 29,05±4,8 kg, da MGt de 27,2±3,7 kg, do IMCt de 66,6±10,3 kg/m², e do IMCgt 32,3±5,8 kg/m². Em 93% dos pacientes houve aumento da classificação da gravidade da obesidade com o cálculo do IMCt . Nos pacientes com obesidade grau III, o IMCt alterou a classificação para super-obesidade em 72% dos pacientes e para super-super obesidade em 24% dos pacientes. Conclusão: O IMC do tronco é método antropométrico acessível e prático, que permite a reclassificação do IMC baseado na distribuição da massa do tronco, evidenciando de forma mais clara a gravidade da obesidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Body Mass Index , Thorax , Body Composition , Body Height , Obesity/classification
12.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 60(1): 60-65, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774623

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Obesity is a well known risk factor for the development of metabolic abnormalities. However, some obese people are healthy and on the other hand some people with normal weight have adverse metabolic profile, therefore it can be assumed that there is a difference in physical characteristics amongst these people. The aim of this study was to establish whether there are somatotype differences between metabolically healthy and metabolically obese women who are obese or of normal weight. Subjects and methods Study included 230 women aged 44.76 ± 11.21y. Metabolic status was assessed according to IDF criteria, while somatotype was obtained using Heath & Carter method. Results Significant somatotype differences were observed in the group of women with normal-weight: metabolically healthy women had significantly lower endomorphy, mesomorphy and higher ectomorphy compared to metabolically obese normal-weight women (5.84-3.97-2.21 vs. 8.69-6.47-0.65). Metabolically healthy obese women had lower values of endomorphy and mesomorphy and higher values of ectomorphy compared to ‘at risk’ obese women but the differences were not statistically significant (7.59-5.76-0.63 vs. 8.51-6.58-0.5). Ectomorphy was shown as an important determinant of the favorable metabolic profile (cutoff point was 0.80). Conclusion We concluded that, in addition to fat mass, metabolic profile could be predicted by the structure of lean body mass, and in particular by body linearity.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ideal Body Weight , Metabolome , Obesity/metabolism , Somatotypes , Anthropometry , Blood Glucose/analysis , Body Composition/physiology , Nutritional Status , Obesity, Metabolically Benign/blood , Obesity, Metabolically Benign/classification , Obesity/classification , Risk Factors , Serbia , Triglycerides/analysis
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(4): e5028, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774525

ABSTRACT

In experimental studies, several parameters, such as body weight, body mass index, adiposity index, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, have commonly been used to demonstrate increased adiposity and investigate the mechanisms underlying obesity and sedentary lifestyles. However, these investigations have not classified the degree of adiposity nor defined adiposity categories for rats, such as normal, overweight, and obese. The aim of the study was to characterize the degree of adiposity in rats fed a high-fat diet using cluster analysis and to create adiposity intervals in an experimental model of obesity. Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were fed a normal (n=41) or a high-fat (n=43) diet for 15 weeks. Obesity was defined based on the adiposity index; and the degree of adiposity was evaluated using cluster analysis. Cluster analysis allowed the rats to be classified into two groups (overweight and obese). The obese group displayed significantly higher total body fat and a higher adiposity index compared with those of the overweight group. No differences in systolic blood pressure or nonesterified fatty acid, glucose, total cholesterol, or triglyceride levels were observed between the obese and overweight groups. The adiposity index of the obese group was positively correlated with final body weight, total body fat, and leptin levels. Despite the classification of sedentary rats into overweight and obese groups, it was not possible to identify differences in the comorbidities between the two groups.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adiposity/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Obesity/classification , Sedentary Behavior , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure , Body Weight , Cholesterol/blood , Cluster Analysis , Diet, High-Fat , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood , Insulin/blood , Leptin/blood , Rats, Wistar , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Triglycerides/blood
14.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(4): 737-740, Oct-Dec/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741344

ABSTRACT

Obesity is defined as the excess adipose tissue in the body. Drugs responsible for inhibiting the appetite are called anorectics or appetite suppressants. Sibutramine, fenproporex and amfepramone belongs to this class, and are capable of causing physical or psychological dependence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of prescriptions for appetite suppressants in community pharmacies at Cruz Alta, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sales of fenproporex, amfepramone and sibutramine in the months of September, October and November 2010 and April, May and June 2011 were compared. It was observed that the most commonly dispensed anorectic in the three community pharmacies analyzed was sibutramine. In the months of September, October and November 2010, consumption was higher, with sibutramine achieving 40.3% of overall sales, amfepramone 21% and, finally, fenproporex, 7.9%. The consumption of appetite suppressants was more prevalent in females, who represented 82% of total. The results suggested the existence of high consumption of anorectics, possibly related to the current concern with aesthetic standards, which emphasizes the importance of strict control over the marketing of these substances.


Obesidade define-se como excesso de tecido adiposo no organismo. Os fármacos responsáveis por inibir o apetite são denominados anorexígenos ou supressores de apetite. Sibutramina, femproporex e anfepramona, pertencentes a essa classe, são capazes de provocar dependência física ou psíquica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da prescrição de anorexígenos em farmácias comerciais de Cruz Alta - RS. Foi comparada a venda dos fármacos femproporex, anfepramona e sibutramina, nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro de 2010 e abril, maio e junho de 2011. Observou-se que o anorexígeno mais prescrito nas três farmácias analisadas foi a sibutramina. Nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro de 2010, o consumo foi maior, quando a sibutramina alcançou um percentual de 40,3%, a anfepramona 21% e, por fim, o femproporex, 7,9%. O consumo de inibidores de apetite foi mais prevalente no sexo feminino, o qual representou 82% do total. Os resultados sugeriram a existência de elevado consumo de anorexígenos, possivelmente relacionada à preocupação com padrões estéticos atuais, o que ressalta a importância de um controle rigoroso sobre a comercialização destas substâncias.


Subject(s)
Appetite Depressants , Pharmacies/classification , Pharmaceutical Trade , Amphetamines , Obesity/classification
15.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 50(4): 677-692, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741360

ABSTRACT

White adipose tissue (WAT) is considered an endocrine organ. When present in excess, WAT can influence metabolism via biologically active molecules. Following unregulated production of such molecules, adipose tissue dysfunction results, contributing to complications associated with obesity. Previous studies have implicated pro- and anti-inflammatory substances in the regulation of inflammatory response and in the development of insulin resistance. In obese individuals, pro-inflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the molecules with anti-inflammatory action, that have been associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity, have your decreased production. Imbalance of these substances contributes significantly to metabolic disorders found in obese individuals. The current review aims to provide updated information regarding the activity of biomolecules produced by WAT.


O tecido adiposo branco (WAT) é considerado um órgão endócrino, que, em excesso, é capaz de controlar o metabolismo, pela ação de moléculas biologicamente ativas. A produção desregulada destas substâncias pela disfunção do tecido adiposo pode contribuir para as complicações presentes na obesidade. As pesquisas atuais têm esclarecido fatores e mecanismos envolvidos na atuação de substâncias pró e anti-inflamatórias na modulação da inflamação e da resistência à insulina. Em indivíduos obesos, as moléculas pró-inflamatórias produzidas pelo tecido adiposo têm sido implicadas como fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento da resistência à insulina e aumento do risco de doença cardiovascular. Por outro lado, as moléculas com ação anti-inflamatória, que atuam na melhora da sensibilidade à insulina, têm sua produção reduzida. O desequilíbrio entre essas substâncias contribui de forma significativa para as desordens metabólicas presente em indivíduos obesos. Assim, esta revisão visa a trazer informações atualizadas sobre a atuação de moléculas secretadas pelo tecido adiposo.


Subject(s)
Insulin Resistance , Inflammation , Obesity/classification , Adipose Tissue, White
16.
In. Mintegui Ramos, María Gabriela. Resúmenes breves de endocrinología. Tomo 1, Diabetes, obesidad y síndrome metabólico. [Montevideo], Clínica de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, impresión 2014. p.137-144.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1390894
17.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 33(5): 349-355, may. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676415

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000, and World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 body mass index (BMI) classification systems in terms of prevalence estimation and association with demographic factors. METHODS: The 18 265 children and adolescents ages 5 to 18 years (mean = 11.2 years, standard deviation = 3.9 years) in the nationally representative Colombian National Nutrition Survey of 2005 were classified as overweight or obese according to IOTF, CDC, and WHO criteria. Prevalence estimates were compared according to each system and associations with age, sex, socioeconomic status, and population density were tested. RESULTS: Prevalence estimates of combined overweight and obesity differed by system (males: IOTF = 8.5%, CDC = 10.8%, WHO = 14.1%; females: IOTF = 14.6%, CDC = 13.8%, WHO = 17.1%; P < 0.001). The association between combined overweight and obesity and age and sex varied by system. The odds of having overweight and obesity in children (5 to 10 years) compared with adolescents (11 to 18 years) were: IOTF, odds ratio (OR) = 0.87 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77-0.98; CDC, OR = 1.27 and CI = 1.14-1.42; WHO, OR = 1.21 and CI = 1.08-1.35. The values for females compared with males were: IOTF, OR = 1.84 and CI = 1.6-2.10; CDC, OR = 1.33 and CI = 1.17-1.51; WHO, OR = 1.25 and CI = 1.12-1.41. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of consistency among the three main international systems in assessing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Appreciably different estimates of prevalence and associations with age and sex are obtained depending on which system is used. Future studies should assess how well each system reflects valid measures of body composition.


OBJETIVO: Comparar los sistemas de clasificación de los índices de masa corporal (IMC) del Grupo de Trabajo Internacional sobre la Obesidad (IOTF) de 2005, de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de 2000, y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de 2007, en cuanto a la estimación de la prevalencia y la asociación con factores demográficos. MÉTODOS: Los 18 265 niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos y de edades comprendidas entre 5 y 18 años (media = 11,2 años, desviación estándar = 3,9 años) que participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia del 2005, representativa a escala nacional, fueron clasificados como afectados de sobrepeso u obesidad según los criterios del IOTF, los CDC y la OMS. Se compararon los cálculos de la prevalencia según cada sistema y se analizaron las asociaciones con la edad, el sexo, la situación socioeconómica y la densidad de población. RESULTADOS: Los cálculos de la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad combinados diferían según el sistema (varones: IOTF = 8,5%, CDC = 10,8%, OMS = 14,1%; mujeres: IOTF = 14,6%, CDC = 13,8%, OMS = 17,1%; P < 0,001). La asociación entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad combinados y la edad y el sexo también variaban según el sistema de clasificación. Las probabilidades de tener sobrepeso y obesidad en los niños (de 5 a 10 años) en comparación con los adolescentes (de 11 a 18 años) fueron: IOTF, razón de posibilidades (OR) = 0,87 e intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC) 0,77-0,98; CDC, OR = 1,27 e IC 1,14-1,42; OMS, OR = 1,21 e IC 1,08-1,35. Los valores observados en las mujeres en comparación con los varones fueron: IOTF, OR = 1,84 e IC 1,6-2,10; CDC, OR = 1,33 e IC 1,17-1,51; OMS, OR = 1,25 e IC 1,12-1,41. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una falta de uniformidad entre los tres principales sistemas internacionales en la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes. Se obtienen cálculos apreciablemente diferentes de la prevalencia y de las asociaciones con la edad y el sexo según el sistema que se adopte. Los estudios futuros deben evaluar hasta qué punto cada sistema refleja adecuadamente mediciones válidas de la composición corporal.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Body Mass Index , Obesity/classification , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/classification , Overweight/epidemiology , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Prevalence , United States , World Health Organization
18.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 38(1): 15-26, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676107

ABSTRACT

The use of strategies to promote healthy eating habits is essential to the population; this way they can autonomously adopt healthy eating habits and improve their anthropometric profile. The objective of this study was to observe the evolution of anthropometric parameters after a model of short-term nutritional intervention through group activity with adult and elderly women. The study involved adult and elderly women who were overweight or obese and participated in the group of nutritional education activities and interventions carried out by a school-ambulatory for 12 weeks. The activities with approximately 20 individuals comprised individual diet, goal setting and monitoring of body weight, and weekly participation in lectures and activities. Body composition measures (weight, height, body mass index, abdominal circumference, fat percentage, fat mass, lean body mass) were taken before and after the nutrition education program. Twenty-five intervention groups were evaluated, totalizing 239 individuals: 165 adults (69%) and 74 elderly. It was possible to observe significant reduction in the BMI, abdominal circumference, fat percentage, fat mass and lean body mass for adults (p<0,001), and in the BMI and fat mass for the elderly (p<0,001). It was also observed that the model of short-term nutritional intervention by group activity collaborated to reduce anthropometric variables in adult and elderly women and, consequently, reduce the risk of chronic diseases or their worsening.


El uso de estrategias de promoción de hábitos saludables de alimentación es esencial para que la población adopte, de forma autónoma, una alimentación sana y mejore su perfil antropométrico. El objetivo de este estudio fue observar la evolución de los parámetros antropométricos después de un modelo de intervención nutricional de corto plazo por medio de actividades grupales con mujeres adultas y ancianas. El estudio incluyó a mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad que participaron de la intervención nutricional en grupo por 12 semanas, realizada en un hospitalescuela. Las actividades se realizaron en grupos de aproximadamente 20 personas siendo las mismas: entrega de planes alimentarios individuales, establecimiento de metas, monitoreo del peso corporal y participación semanal en conferencias y actividades. Las medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa gorda y masa magra en kilos) fueron realizadas antes y después del programa de educación nutricional en grupo. En total, 25 grupos de intervención nutricional fueron evaluados totalizando 239 participantes con 165 adultas (69%) y 74 ancianas. Fueron observadas diferencias significativas em la reducción de IMC, perímetro abdominal, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa gorda y masa delgada en las adultas (p<0,001) y de IMC y masa gorda en las ancianas (p<0,001). Se observó que el modelo de intervención nutricional a corto plazo por la actividad del grupo colaboró para reducir las variables antropométricas en mujeres adultas y ancianas y, por lo tanto, puede reducir el aparecimiento o agravamiento de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles.


A utilização de estratégias para a promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis é fundamental para que a população possa, de forma autônoma, adotar uma alimentação saudável, melhorando seu perfil antropométrico. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi observar a evolução de parâmetros antropométricos após um modelo de intervenção nutricional de curto prazo, por meio de atividade de grupo com mulheres adultas e idosas. O estudo envolveu mulheres com sobrepeso ou obesidade, que participaram da intervenção nutricional em grupo durante 12 semanas, realizada por um ambulatório-escola. As atividades aconteceram em grupos de aproximadamente 20 pessoas, sendo: entrega de planos alimentares individuais, definição de metas e acompanhamento do peso corporal, e participação semanal de palestras e atividades. As medidas antropométricas ? peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal, percentual de gordura, massa gorda e massa magra em quilos ? foram avaliadas antes e após o programa de intervenção nutricional em grupo. No total, 25 grupos de intervenção nutricional foram avaliados, totalizando 239 participantes, sendo 165 adultas (69%) e 74 idosas (31%). Foram observadas diferenças significativas na redução de IMC, circunferência abdominal, percentual de gordura, massa gorda e massa magra para adultas (p<0,01) e de IMC e massa gorda para idosas (p<0,01). Foi possível observar que o modelo de intervenção nutricional de curto prazo em grupo colaborou para a redução de variáveis antropométricas em mulheres adultas e idosas, podendo reduzir o risco do aparecimento ou do agravamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.


Subject(s)
Female , Anthropometry/instrumentation , Women , Body Composition/physiology , Food and Nutrition Education , Obesity/classification , Overweight/classification
19.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 26(supl.1): 33-38, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-698972

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: Indivíduos classificados como obesos mórbidos necessitam de tratamentos eficientes para promover a redução de peso. Em consequência da ineficácia dos tratamentos conservadores e medicamentos atuais, a operação de Fobi-Capella (gastric bypass) tem sido indicada para esse grupo de indivíduos. OBJETIVO: Identificar subgrupos de pacientes obesos com a finalidade de encontrar padrões que dificultem a perda de peso e a recuperação dele após essa operação. MÉTODO: Foram analisadas variáveis dos prontuários de 50 pacientes em dois momentos distintos: antes da operação bariátrica e após seis meses utilizando a metodologia estatística de Análise de Agrupamentos. RESULTADOS: A análise propiciou a divisão dos pacientes em dois grandes grupos. A variável IMC não influenciou na divisão dos pacientes. O grupo em piores condições metabólicas não foi necessariamente formado pelos indivíduos mais obesos, porém a Análise de Agrupamento associou os pacientes de acordo com quatro indicativos da síndrome metabólica. Houve clara relação entre as alterações metabólicas e de pressão arterial com a obesidade, porém neste estudo não se verificou dependência direta em relação ao IMC. CONCLUSÕES: As medidas que poderiam incrementar a recuperação após cirurgia bariátrica visam o controle da síndrome metabólica e não apenas a perda de peso, visto que o IMC foi reduzido em todos os pacientes e não foi o fator diferencial do pós-operatório.


BACKGROUND: Individuals classified as morbidly obese require effective treatments to promote weight reduction. Due to the inefficacy of conservative treatments and current medications, bariatric surgery (gastric bypass) has been indicated for this group of individuals. AIM: To identify subgroups of obese patients in order to find patterns that hinder weight loss and recovery after the operation. METHOD: Variables from the medical records of 50 patients were analyzed at two different times: before bariatric surgery and six months after the surgery, utilizing statistical cluster analysis. RESULTS: The analysis led to dividing the patients into two groups. The body mass index - BMI variable did not influence the classification of the patients. The group in worse metabolic conditions was not necessarily composed of heavier subjects, but the cluster analysis grouped the patients according to four indicators of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic alterations and blood pressure were shown to have a clear correlation to obesity, relation to BMI was not confirmed by this study. CONCLUSIONS: Taking measures to manage metabolic syndrome and not focusing solely on weight loss could improve recovery after bariatric surgery, considering that the BMI was reduced in all patients and was not the distinguishing factor for the postoperative period.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gastric Bypass , Obesity/classification , Obesity/surgery , Cluster Analysis , Gastric Bypass/methods , Weight Loss
20.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 120(2): 93-107, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab, mapas, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-679023

ABSTRACT

La obesidad es una de las afeccines metabólicas más frecuentes en la actualidad. Más de mil millones de personas padecen obesidad o sobrepeso en todo el mundo. Además de las acumulación adiposa, su elevada morbi-mortalidad la convierten en uno de los principales problemas de salud a los que enfrenta la sociedad actual. Se estudia la obesidad, su definición. clasificación y el síndrome metabólco. En Venezuela se han publicado cuatro estudios de prevalencia del síndrome metabólico: Estado Zulia (2001), Gran Caracas, incluyendo los Estados Miranday Vargas (2006), Estado Lara (2007) y Estado Mérida (2007). El Estado Zulia tiene el mayor número de sujetos estudiados, 3.018, con cuatro grupos étnicos diferentes, seguidos de Caracas con 658, Lara y Mérida con 339 y 118 respectivamente. La participación de hombres siempre fue menor en todas las investigaciones. En el Estado Zulia se usó el estudio ATP III (2001), mientras que en las otras se utilizó el modificado de 2005 y el de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. Los hallazgos arrojan unas cifras globales de promedio de 33,7% con LC 95% entre 32,3%-35,2% para adultos. Se encontraron diferencias importantes entre grupos de edad y sexo. En Venezuela, en el Estado Vargas (nivel del mar), en casi 2.500 madres, el sobrepeso alcanzó 31,4% y la obesidad 16,6%, aumentando con la edad; para los 30 años el sobrepeso llegó al 34,1% y la obesidad a 23,4% y los hijos de madres obesas, mostraron un sobre peso en todas las edades de un 23% a 35%. En el Área Metropolitana de Caracas (1000 m sobre nivel del mar), en las mujeres, el sobre-peso alcanzó 31% y la obesidad 14,6%. Los hombres presentaron un 40% de sobrepeso y 6,2% de obesidad aumentando con la edad. Con respecto a la obesidad en los niños y adolescentes en un total de 17.791 entre 7 y 14 años con sobre peso evaluados, se encontró 19,31% por encima del percentil 90. En el Distrito Capital a 23,26% que fue el valor más alto...


Obesity is one of the common metabolic diseases today. More than one billion people suffer from obesity or overweight worldwide. In addition to the fat accumulation, the high morbidity and mortality make it one of the major health problems facing the society. Obesity are studied. Their definition, classification and the metabolic syndrome. Venezuela has published four studies on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome: state of Zulia (2001). Greater Caracas, including the states of Miranda and Vargas (2006). Lara State (2007) and Mérida (2007). Zulia state has the larges number of subjects studied, 3018. with four different ethnic groups, followed by Caracas with 658, Lara and Mérida with 339 and 118 respectively. The participation of men was always lower in all investigation. In Zulia state will use the ATP III study (2001), while in the other used the modified 2005 and the International Diabetes Federation version was used. The overall prevalence was 33.7% with 95% confidence limits (CL) 32.3% to 35.2% for adults. Important differences were found between age groups and sex. In Venezuela, in Vargas (sea level) in almost 2.500 mothers reached 31.4% overweight and obesity 16.6%, increasing with age, to 30 years., reached a 34.1% overweight and obesity and 23.4% and obese mothers showed an overweight in all age groups from 23% to 35%. In the metropolitan area of Caracas (1000 ms above sea level), in women, overweight reached 31% and obesity 14.6%. In men they had 40.6% of overweight and obesity 6.2% respectively, increasing age. With respect to obesity in children and adolescent in a total of 17.791 between 7 and 14 years evaluated overweight. 19.31% were found above the 90th percentile. In the Capital District amounted to 23.26% which was the highest value. Et the end of the paper we focus on the treatment of obesity and morbid obesity


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Obesity/classification , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/pathology , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/pathology , Body Weight , Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/physiopathology , Public Health/education
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